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Frequently Asked Questions
About Chimpanzees, Chimps, Inc. and Our Residents

Facts about chimps in the wild
  
What Kingdom do chimps belong?

chimps are grouped in Kingdom: Animalia, Pylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Family: Homididea, Genus: Pan, Species: troglodytes

Where do chimps live in the wild?

They live in equatorial Africa in savannah or forested habitats.

What kinds of groups do chimps live in?

Chimps are highly sociable animals. They live in groups that may be as large as 100.

How is the structure and ranking of group members differentiated in the wild?

Each family consists of an alpha male. The alpha male generally has two to three prime males that support him. Ranking is generally acquired from intelligence and understanding and control of group behavior. Physical strength and size may help one climb the ladder, however, it is not the only determinant. Juvenile males and females make up the rest of the hierarchy. Females as well have a ranking order slightly less distinguished from their male counterparts. Females may work up the ladder through aggressive behaviors or simply gain the respect from being the mother of a high-ranking son. The hierarchy ladder is never permanent. As a matter of fact, most alpha males hold high-ranking positions for less than 10 years. Every offspring and a new member displace the original pecking order.

What is the wild population status of the chimpanzee?

Chimpanzees are on the endangered list. At the beginning of the 20th century, nearly 2 million chimpanzees populated African forests. Today, that number has dwindled to around 150,000. The current rate of decline, the chimpanzee could be extinct in less than 10 years.

What are the main threats to survival to the chimpanzee?

The main threat to chimpanzees in the wild are humans.  Humans have created this significant threat by habitat loss, the hunting of adults for bushmeat, the capture of infants used to supply the local pet trade, the international biomedical trade, and the entertainment industry, as well as the lack of awareness and education to the public. The relative severity of these threats differs from region to region.

How do chimps communicate with one another?

There are four types of communication chimps will use to convey information to one another: Tactile (touch), Olfactory (smell), Visual, and Vocal.

  • The ability to touch and communicate with touch is essential for young chimpanzees and important for social function for adults and all members of the family. It is necessary for young chimps and their mother to communicate with touch to develop normal social behavior, psychological response, and physiological development. Grooming plays a role in bonding, insures roles within the hierarchy, diverts aggressive behavior to calming behavior, and associates sexual behaviors, to name a few. Touching, hugging, and embracing are used to reassure members, serve as a greeting, and reduce antagonistic behavior.

  • A chimp's sense of smell is highlighted amongst any other of its senses. Chimps can identify other family members by pheromones, urine, feces, or gland secretions. Each individual has a distinctive smell and the can indicate response, through sexual, dominance or threatening circumstances.

  • Visual communication can be seen through facial expressions, physical gestures and body language. Chimps have evolved many facial and body muscles to convey messages. For example, erect hair conveys agitation, or aggressive behavior; grinning portrays fear; prolonged starring interprets threatening behavior; and hanging lower lip portrays calm, relaxed behavior.

  • Chimpanzees don't have the power of vocal language because they have a different voice box than humans. Scientists studying chimpanzees have identified 32 different calls that are version of 4 call types: grunts, barks, screams, and hoots.

How good are chimps' senses?

Their hearing and eyesight are about as developed as an average human. Their sense of smell is slightly better than that of the average human. They are approximately eight times stronger than the average human.

What foods do they eat and how to they gather them in the wild?

Chimpanzees spend much of their day foraging for food. Because foraging may take a long time chimps must consume a lot of food. An average figure and breakdown of the chimpanzees diet consists of 65% fruit, 30% tree leaves and shoots, and 5% animal matter. Chimps are not strict vegetarians. When given the opportunity they will create tools to ?fish? for termites, grab a small animal such as a bird, and even form organized hunting parties to kill other mammals, (mainly colobus monkeys and bush pigs.).

Is a chimpanzee a monkey or an ape?

A chimpanzee is an ape. It is one of five great apes. The five great apes are Orangutan, Gorilla, Bonobo, chimpanzee, and Humans. There are many differences between monkeys and apes. Monkeys have tails; walk flat-footed on all four feet, have a smaller brain and monkeys have a smaller physical body size. It is believed monkeys evolved approximately 30 million years ago while the first great ape did not evolve until around 15 million years ago. chimpanzees evolved between 2 million and 5 million years ago. With limited scientific information the starting point of any evolutionary tree is variable.

What is the intelligence level of a chimpanzee?

Apes appear to be among the brightest in comparison to any other non-human animal using the human brain as a reference point. Through scientific research and experimentations we, humans, have assessed the chimpanzees intelligence to be that of a three or four year old human child. However, a definitive answer to this question should not use tasks and tables developed by a subjective human and human behavior. Instead, one should consider the chimps intelligence relative to a chimp's conditions and chimp behavior.

 

Question and Answers from our email

Q. Hi, I am a student studying Animal Care in the UK. For one of my projects at the moment I am trying to design an item of environmental enrichment for chimpanzees I would like to contact some businesses that actually produce toys and equipment for chimpanzees, but I am having trouble finding any names on the internet, do you have any companies that you buy direct from and if you do could I please have their details?!

A. As we are a nonprofit organization we cannot afford to buy them lots of toys. The fortunate part is we have a wonderful local and wide-ranging community that donates toys and blankets. We find our chimps like the same toys that a 3 to 5 year old child would like. Plush stuffed animals, toys that make sounds, toys that move on their own, As well as magazines, catalogs, posters, etc.. Sometimes they destroy them and that?s ok. Enrichment may be fun and positive, or not so fun and unenthusiastic, nevertheless a reaction either way is enrichment. A few things that we have found to be non destructible and fun is fire hose and KONG toys made for tough dogs.

Q. Unfortunately, I am not yet in a position to volunteer much time to this cause besides my research paper, but if letters need to be written, I am very concerned for our genetic cousins. If you could use my help, I would be happy to write as many letters as I might or take care of other necessary tasks. Unfortunately, I am one of the poor students, so I can't afford to
donate just yet, but when in a better position; I hope to help causes like this one. Please write if you find a moment. Thank you for your help. Be well.

A. Don't worry about not donating. There are plenty of things you can do from home, cost free, to help our captive siblings. Number one is educate yourself to educate other people about what the problem is with captive chimps, chimps as pets, chimps in entertainment, etc...(We could send you information on this if you would like) Also, always write letters to places that exploit these beings. (i.e. the Ellen Degeneress show has a orangutan on it, Monk series has a chimp, etc...Write to these people to let them know what harm they are doing to these animals by exploiting them, also to the channel that is airing them. One by one you make a difference

Q. I'm researching chimpanzee mothering behaviors in captivity and have a few questions. Do chimps have difficulty mothering their offspring when they are in captivity?

A. This depends on many conditions. Environment or the way they were brought up is only a couple to name. If they are given adequate space, healthy living conditions, proper diet, and have no outside stresses, as well as, were taught or somehow learned parenting skills. Under all these circumstances a chimps chances at being a good mother would improve.

Q. If mothering behaviors tend to be learned rather than innate, can female chimps learn to be good mothers in a captive setting?

A. Yes

Q. Hello, my name is Corinne Custodio. I'm doing a History Day Project on "Jane Goodall's "Communication With chimpanzees". I'm trying to contact different organizations, institutions, zoos, etc. Some of the questions I want to ask are:
Do the chimpanzees you with communicate with you and how do they communicate with you and you communicated with them?

A. Yes our chimpanzees do communicate to us. They understand much of what we say in English. Sometimes I have to be careful what I say so they do not understand me. I find myself spelling things out to people like one would do with a little kid. However, they understand some sign language and all body language and gestures that I make. It is more important the chimp knows sign language so that we (humans) can understand what they want and to keep their (chimp) frustration level low.



Q. I was reading all of your responses to everyone's questions about buying their own chimp. Why do you say to everyone that they need to be in the wild, yet you have four our more of your own? Don't get me wrong, I think what you are doing is wonderful but what makes you and all the people that work with you so much more eligible or responsible to own and take care of a chimp? I'm sure others would also like to know the answer.

A. Your question is really a good one and I hope I have provided a satisfactory answer. Sanctuaries like ours have clearly defined missions. Our mission here at Chimps Inc. is furthering chimpanzee conservation through education. We are a private sanctuary that provides a recuperative and retirement home for chimpanzees. Unfortunately, there are thousands of chimpanzees that are living in the United States, an unnatural home for them. Humans have enslaved our sibling species for selfish purposes and have subjected them to horrible lives in captivity. Nevertheless, returning captive animals that have depended on humans is usually not possible. Though the ideas are tempting and often romantically idealized captive chimps simply lack the skills and knowledge to live in the wild, once after being raised as a human. What is natural to chimpanzees raised as humans is exactly what they are use to, TV, books, tools, dressing up, and everything you also enjoy. What would you do if someone took you out of your home and city, and told you to live in the jungle?

Our responsibility is to protect those in the wild from becoming extinct species and ensure that those who cannot be released have the chance to be dignified apes. Our sanctuary not only provides spacious, enriched living areas, and excellent general care, but our personnel and volunteers have been well trained and educated in caring for these animals, not "owning" them. You might consider volunteering at a zoo or sanctuary near you where you can get a better idea of what it takes to be involved with any wild animal. Thank you and good luck.


Q. Hi, I love all wild animals, especially apes. I will be attending college in a few months and I need to sign up for courses. I don't know where to begin, (conservation, education, advocacy, husbandry???) where I should focus my energy, and what will get my foot in the door in a career like this. I would appreciate any guidance.

A. It is wonderful to know there is such devoted and compassionate people like yourself. Educating yourself (and others) is the biggest tool to have for land and animal conservation. I'm not sure what your college offers, in terms of courses, however learning about environmental/land conservation is a course your want to take. You must first understand the habitat in which these endangered animals live in, what is required in their natural state. One of the biggest problems is trying to keep the animal on their native lands. Also, look into evolution (important to know history and development), Anthropology, primatology. If you are more interested in conservation/preservation, I would not spend so much time in the psychology department, unless you are leaning in that direction. There is a big difference between a science and a social science. I hope this has helped you. If you have any more questions please feel free to contact me.

Q. Hi, I am a teenager and love animals. I have always loved animals. I am doing a project on captive animals, behavior and rehabilitation. If I could take a few minutes of your time and ask you a few questions. How did you start your career? Do you work hands on with the chimps? Do you think a chimpanzee taken from the wild and put in a captive situation is domestic? At my age what can I do to help captive chimps.

A. Thank you for emailing us on your very many questions on chimpanzees, I will try and answer your questions to the best of my ability. I have always been interested in working with animals since I was a little girl. I love to care for them, and try to observe any wild animal in the most natural environment possible. I then followed my dream to work with animals by going to college and getting my degree in biology. I tailored my degree towards animal care.  Yes, I do work hands on with the chimps, however, I do not go inside the cages with the chimps.  I do not feel that any wild animal that is taken from its natural environment can ever be comfortable being studied in captivity. "You can take an animal out of the wild, but you will never take the wild out of an animal." They have natural instinct that will never become domestic by captive situation. Whether you study a chimp for biomedical reasons or for behavioral reasons you are still imprisoning an innocent animal that never asked for this situation.   Teenagers can educate themselves on chimps, apes, and primates in general to understand why they should not become captive. Then in return educate the people around you. Spread the word. Also you can construct enrichment (toys that mentally stimulate wild animals) and distribute them to sanctuaries. If you are interested I can give you some ideas. Learn, learn, learn... the more you know the more you will understand, the more you understand the more you can help.

Q. Hi I am just 13 years old and I don?t know much about chimps but I have just a couple of questions. Why do all the chimps that I see on television have peach faces and all the chimps I see in the zoo are really big and have black faces? I don?t understand why the chimps on television look so much different than the real chimps I see at my zoo?

A. Chimps are born with black hair and a peach colored face. As they age their face turns black. chimpanzees? arms are longer than their legs. This characteristic makes it possible for them to reach out to fruits growing on thin branches that can?t support their weight. chimpanzees can walk upright for short distances if their hands are full, but they usually use a ?knuckle walk" ? with the bottoms of their feet and the knuckles of their hands making contact with the ground. They have opposable thumbs and opposable big toes to help them grip.

Q. I love monkeys when. I get older I want to have a baby chimp. Where can I adopt a monkey?!

A. Thank you for your email. chimpanzees are not monkeys they are apes, and never make pets. They grow up and become very strong and dangerous. I suggest you check out your local library and zoo programs to find out more about this magnificent primate and find out how you can help save them from the pet population instead of adding another one to the sad life of solitary confinement after they get to be four or five. Remember they live to be 50 years old. Maybe there is a sanctuary in your area for monkeys or apes you could volunteer at. Thank you for reading our web site. Please join our organization and we will send you a newsletter. Lesley

Q.  Hello, First I wanted to let you know that you have a beautiful website. Second, I wanted to ask why are chimpanzees so threatened in the wild.  There seem to be so many chimpanzees in America.  Why are there so many chimpanzees in sanctuaries, zoos, etc.?  Thirdly, what can I do to help.  I do not have much money and I do not live very close to any organization that I could volunteer at, what else could I do?

A.  Education, education, education is the answer to your question, and then help and support groups and organizations who are actively engaged in conserving and restoring the habitat of the chimpanzees, and also help groups who are working so diligently to end the research on all primates. Civil unrest, which leads to destruction of native habitat, may be the most immediate danger to wild chimpanzees and other great apes. The unsustainable logging, and its concomitant roads are isolating chimpanzee communities. Hunting, with new roads spreading across equatorial Africa, gives hunters better access to the chimpanzee population, which has led to the commercialization of chimpanzee hunting. Their meat is seen as a delicacy across Africa, France and the rest of Europe. These threats are the reason for the steep down ward spiral in the chimpanzee population. Unless we take immediate steps to turn back these threats, we may live to see the end of the last wild great ape. Without suitable habitat, the wild chimpanzee cannot survive. Although most chimpanzees have been bred in captivity, the illegal trade continues. Usually the babies are taken from their mother's after she has been killed, and end up in urban centers, where they either die from diseases or neglect. If they cannot be in their natural surroundings, we need to allow every primate to have the opportunity to live out their lives in dignity with their own kind in sanctuaries where there are people who know how to care for them. Dr. Jane Goodall, on a recent visit to LA, Calif, met with leaders of the film and television industry to plead with them to end the use of chimpanzees and other primates as performers. Please check out our web site again and all the links to our web site and try to educate the people you come in contact with on a daily basis, and support sanctuaries that care for these magnificent apes. Most sanctuaries offer an adoption program including ours. For $50.00 you can adopt a chimp for a year (of course the chimp stays at our sanctuary). In return we will send you a certificate, the history of the chimp, a brochure, five greeting cards and our newsletter will be mailed to you every quarter. That is another wonderful way to help out.
Good luck, and many thanks for caring. One person can make a difference.

Q.  Hi, my class has to do a science class project that would help out the chimps at the Okinawa City Zoo.  The zoo is not close to where we live at all.  I don't know what I could do to help them living so far away and hoped that you could perhaps guide me.  I am very passionate about conservation and the environment and would like to start getting more involved.  Is there anything that you know of that I could become part of?  Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions, I greatly appreciate it.

A. I received your email regarding your science class project to help the chimpanzees in the Okinawa City Zoo. First I wanted to let you know how excited and happy we all are to hear that young people like you are willing to help enrich the lives of the chimps in the zoo. Since the zoo is located so far away, I?m not sure how you would be able to physically help. Usually, when I get questions like this, my advice is to send the chimps lots of enrichment (eg toys, blankets, even peanuts, raisins and bananas).  I would also advise you and your class to visit our web site again and all the links to our web site for more information. You could also contact The Jane Goodall Institute. Their web site is: www.janegoodall.org. They have a program called Roots & Shoots. It's a grassroots environmental and humanitarian education program for young people around the globe. "The message is one of hope," Dr. Goodall urges. I hope the above information will help you get a few ideas to start out with. We thank you very much for your dedication and your willingness to help out the chimps.
Good luck to all of you.

Q.  My daughter is 13 years old and she has been pressing to have a chimpanzee as a pet.  I really didn't know too much about what goes into owning a chimp until I started doing a little research. It was very difficult for me to understand why owning a chimpanzee wasn't a good idea because of how many people in the United States have them as pets.  Nevertheless, I decided against getting one for my daughter.  However, my daughter loves chimps, I want to try and give her something that would make her feel good about her passion without giving her a real chimp.  Could you please help me, any guidance would be greatly appreciated. 

A. Thank you very much for your email regarding your daughter's interest in primates.
We wish we could say yes to you request about a visit to our sanctuary. However, we are a private sanctuary.  We provide them a safe haven of peace and quiet so that the chimps can spend their time living as chimps.  Fortunately, we do give a sanctuary tour once a year during our yearly fund raiser, The Civil War game, which is held in November. Please tell your daughter to check out our website and all the links to other websites to learn as much as she can about wild animals and the problems that face them in captivity. Most sanctuaries require volunteers to be at least 18 years old, in order to be accepted as a volunteers, including ours. In the meantime your daughter can help captive primates by making them enrichment or donating toys, blankets or by sending a donation etc. to either a zoo or a sanctuary. Our sanctuary offers an adoption program where you would pick the chimp you would want to adopt for a year for $50.00. We would then send you a picture, brochure, five greeting cards, a certificate of the chimp with his/ her history, and our newsletter would be mailed to you once every quarter. That is another wonderful way to help out the chimps. We are so happy that you didn?t let your daughter have a chimp for a pet. They are wild animals and should be with their species family in the wild. They should not live like domesticated animals in a house or apartment. I hope I have answered your questions, if not please let us know. Thank you so much and good luck.

Q.  I have for a long time been a great lover of chimpanzees and would like to bring a baby chimpanzee into my family.  Please could you give me some guidance as to how much one would cost along with the price of providing the ideal environment for it.
 

A. Thank you for your inquiry about the cost and commitment of having a chimpanzee.  chimpanzees are wonderful and intelligent animals, which is why they are so appealing as pets.  In fact, our sanctuary was founded because of this very idea.  Ten years ago, our founder Lesley Day was interested in purchasing a pet chimpanzee.  When she found out what a HUGE commitment it was, and that it was not infants, but adults that were in desperate need of homes, she started Chimps Incorporated, which is now home to six ADULT chimpanzee residents, and growing. 
Infant chimpanzees require as much attention (if not more) than human infants. Unfortunately, since chimps, by law are not allowed in public places, this means that you will be in your home with it virtually always.  chimpanzees in general are only able to be handled until the age of roughly six.  Beyond this point they become too strong and unpredictable to interact with outside of a cage. The average life expectancy of a captive chimp is 60 years.  chimpanzees are social animals, that in the wild can live in communities  of up to 100.  It is mentally and emotionally detrimental to a captive chimpanzee to be housed alone.  Even with all of the love and affection a human can give, they still need a chimpanzee companion. For this reason, if you would like one chimpanzee, you need at least two.  To house a chimpanzee you will need an indoor and outdoor enclosure. The suitable size of the indoor can vary depending on the type of climate that you live in.  Chimps, being an African species, do not do well in the cold.  Since chimps are estimated to be 8 times stronger than a human of comparable weight, building a cage that is "chimp-proof" is mush more expensive than you might expect.  For example, one of our outdoor enclosures that is enough space for 2-3 chimps cost $50,000 to build ten years ago. Our new indoor enclosure that is in construction, is estimated to cost us between $100,000 and $150,000. To feed and care for the chimps, we spend approximately $10,000 per chimp per year. Having chimps is a very pricey endeavor!  Also, you will need to obtain a permit to have this chimpanzee from the USDA.  Permits for these animals are getting progressively harder to get.  Recently legislation was passed to prohibit interstate trading of exotic pets, including chimps.  For this reason, if you are unable to find a breeder in your state, you run the risk of fines, possible jail time, and removal of your animal.

 
Another good way for you to be around primates is to volunteer at your local zoo or look for a sanctuary near your home town.  They all rely heavily on volunteer labor and you will be rewarded greatly by the animals for your donated time.   
For some more information on chimps as pets from a chimp perspective see www.savethechimps.org/chimps_pets.aspWe appreciate your willingness to get some information so that you may make an informed decision. Sadly, many people are not as thoughtful and compassionate.
 

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